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Grammar

French pronunciation: silent letters, liaison and nasal vowels

French is not read the way it is written, and that is good news: the rules are few and very regular. Three of them explain most of the gap.

Final consonants

A word's final consonant is usually silent. The exceptions fit into four letters, c, r, f and l, which spell the English word careful without its vowels.

  • Paris

    Sounds like pa-REE, the final s is silent.

  • bonjour

    The final r is pronounced.

Liaison

When a word ends in a silent consonant and the next one begins with a vowel, the consonant comes back and links across to it.

  • vous avez

    You hear vou-z-avez.

  • les amis

    You hear leh-z-ami.

Nasal vowels

A vowel followed by n or m in the same syllable becomes nasal, and the n is not pronounced separately. Three nasal vowels cover ordinary speech.

  • un bon vin blanc

    Four nasal vowels in a row, the classic drill.

  • pain

    Not the English word pain, but a nasal vowel.

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